Estruturas de financiamento do ensino superior nos países do G7

uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

The financing of higher education is a global challenge that affects the expansion, quality, and equity of education, involving complexities such as institutional autonomy, funding sources, fund distribution, and institutional assessment. Countries face diverse challenges due to their educational structures and governmental goals. Understanding funding sources is essential to comprehend governmental policies. Although there is research on financing models, few studies address the perspectives of universities. This article aims to discuss the financing of higher education in G7 countries through a Systematic Literature Review, considering current challenges in educational systems. A state-of-the-art survey was conducted using the systematic review method, ensuring greater reliability and reproducibility. Some countries have more than one mechanism to finance universities; for example, the USA combines tuition subsidies with state support. Canada utilizes incremental funding and student tuition fees. In England, the educational system is focused on the student's vocation, while in Brazil, the main focus is on professionalization. Financing intentions by formulas coincide, but higher education expenditures differ, being less than 1% of GDP in England. The results show that, despite some countries being grouped by similar characteristics, higher education in each country has its specificities, requiring careful analysis of financing structures, considering the uniqueness of each system.